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Nutrient cycle in environment

  BIO-GEO CHEMICAL CYCLE OR NUTRIENT CYCLE       Bio  -    Living organism       Geo  -    Rock, Soil, Air, Water Chemical   -  Material or Nutrients        Cycle   -   Path All the types of material required by ecosystem in addition of energy, are available continuously to system through recycling. Thus there is a constant exchange of materials between the living organism and their abiotic environment through the recyling of materials. This phenomenon is called Bio-geo chemical cycle. Note: Environment factors,e.g soil , moisture, ph, temperature etc, regulate the release of nutrients into the atmosphere. Biochemical cycle The following types of cycle are found in an ecosystem. (i) Gaseous Cycle - C, H, N. O cycles. Reservoir is in the atmosphere (air) or in Hydrosphere(water). Sedimentary cycle - P. S, Ca cycles reservoirs are in earth's crust (lithosphere). Note : In these cycles, the bulk material remains in the inactive reservoir on earth crust like sediment of sea, or water
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SOUND POLLUTION

            SOUND POLLUTION Increase in the noise in the atmosphere is called noise pollution or sound pollution. Noise is a loud and unwanted or unpleasant sound. The common things which are responsible for noise pollution are - industries and mills,means of transportation, television stereo, loud speaker and jet plant etc. Intensity :- The intensity of sound is measured in bel or decibel ( 1 bel = 10 decibel). Normally at 25 decibel, the atmosphere may be peaceful. Above 80 decibel intensity of sound is called noise pollution. Note : In India, the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act came into force in 1981 , but was amended in 1987 to include noise as an air pollutant. A brief exposure to extremely high sound level, 150 dB or more generated by take off of a jet plane or rocket,may damage ear drums thus permanently impairing hearing ability. Even chronic exposure to a relatively lowernoise level of cities may permanently damage hearing abilities of humans. Noise also caus
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Air pollution

  AIR POLLUTION AND ITS CAUSE AND SOLUTIONS  The air pollution is caused due to addition of unwanted substances or gases. The atmospheric pollution is mainly caused by the activities of man and concentrated to the inhabited and the industrial complexes in cities. There are two main categories of air pollutants (i) Gases (ii) Particulates Gases : The gaseous materials include various gases and vapours of volatile substances or the compound with a boiling point below 200°C. Particulate matter : Particulate matter consist of solid particles or liquid droplets (aerosols) small enough to remain suspended in air e.g. soot, smoke, dust, asbestos, fibres, pesticides, some metals (including Hg, Pb, Cu and Fe) and also biological agent like tiny dust mites and flower pollen. MAJOR AIR POLLUTANTS AND THEIR EFFECTS     1.Carbon monoxide (CO) - Source - It is the main air pollutant released from smoke of automobile. Effect - Carbon monoxide is highly toxic gas, it combines with haemoglobin of the b
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WATER POLLUTION AND ITS CAUSE AND TREATMENT

                  WATER POLLUTION  The water pollution is caused by the addition of organic and Inorganic chemicals as well as the biological materials which change the physical and chemical properties of water. This harmful process is called water pollution. The water pollution is caused by many sources such as sewage matter, industrial wastage, agricultural water domestic wastage, hot water of thermal plant and nuclear reactors etc.  Note : A mere 0.1 per cent impurities make domestic sewage unfit for human use (Figure).    1)  Domestic sewage primarily contains biodegradable organic matter.      2)  Water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes ), the world's most problematic aquatic weed, also called 'Terror, Bengal'.    3) Unlike domestic sewage, waste water from industries like petroleum, paper manufacturing, metal extraction and processing, paper manufacturing, metal extraction and processing, chemical manufacturing, metal extractie and processing, chemical manufacturing, et
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